Wealth

As early as 50,000 years ago, a group of indigenous people came to Australia to settle in Australia. About two hundred years ago, a large number of European whites migrated, which was the second time that humans immigrated to Australia.

Around the beginning of the seventeenth century, when Europeans traveled east to search for gold and spices, they came to Australia for a second time and drew a nautical chart. The Dutch called this land the New Holland, but it was not until the end of the eighteenth century that Captain Cook traveled from England to the South Pacific for an expedition, and only then did he find eastern Australia and occupy the eastern coast, beginning the history of Australia's great immigration.

Soon after Captain Cook arrived in Australia, the United States declared independence, forcing Britain to find another place to exile criminals, so it opened a new prison in Australia. The policy of deporting prisoners did not cease until 1868, when criminals and released prisoners accounted for one-ninth of the population, and the rest were free colonists and native Australians. By this time, a large amount of land had been opened in Australia.

In 1850, gold was spotted in Australia, which attracted thousands of gold prospectors.

In the mid-nineteenth century, Australian society gradually began to understand the consciousness of nationalism. By the beginning of the twentieth century, Australia had developed into an urbanized country and formed the Commonwealth of Australia.

Today's Australia is a political system, and immigrants are mainly Eurasian, forming a unique feature of multiculturalism.

The Governor of Western Australia, Hobbit, expressed his warm welcome to Fan Wuyi’s arrival again. Because of the success of Fansi’s stock increase, the company was able to form a second boom in a short period of time, and the entire Western Australian economy The development has been significantly affected, and the number of workers hired has increased by about 5,000. As the company continues to expand, this number should have a larger development.

The employment opportunities for 5,000 people are almost negligible for Chinese people, but for Western Australia, it is a pretty good political achievement.

"The area of ​​Western Australia can account for about one-third of Australia, but the population is less than two million, of which almost 1.5 million are concentrated in Perth, five thousand Compared with this sparsely populated state government, the number of employment opportunities is indeed not a small number. With the addition of the employees who have been stationed before, the number of Western Australian residents currently working for the company has exceeded 10,000." Fan No disease introduced Shen Ying.

Shen Ying looked at the scenery outside the car window, as if entering a virgin forest. If the road below her feet was indeed a concrete pavement, she would really think she was lost in the forest, because from time to time kangaroos jumped over from the middle of the road. , Made her feel a little excited.

"You see, there seems to be a koala over there!" Shen Ying lowered the car window and pointed to the koala on the opposite road, shouting.

Fan Wubing smiled, "That. Things look funny, but they can bite people, but the concept of animal protection here in Australia is very strong. You'd better not provoke those small animals, or you will most likely be deported. In the past, some people from China came here to study abroad. Now there are often pigeons in the yard. They just hit a few to stew the soup. As a result, these pigeons are wild, and the meat is relatively hard. It was dumped. The neighbor discovered the incident, so he went to the police station to report it, but the man was arrested and imprisoned for two years plus a fine of 10,000 Australian dollars."

"This criminal law is indeed stricter." Shen Ying said with her tongue out, "I don't know if it's illegal to trample on ants?"

"Then you have to see if the kind of ant you trampled to death is protected." Fan Wuyao replied with a smile.

Although Governor Hobbit expressed great enthusiasm for Fan Wuyi’s arrival, the habits of Australians are not the same as those of the Chinese after all, so I just take it lightly on this kind of food, but arrange for someone to accompany you. Fan Wubing and Shen Ying went to visit the state government and gave them a full explanation of Australia's political system.

Fan Wubing has gone through this journey before, and naturally he will not feel anything new. However, it is the first time for Shen Ying to come to Australia. She feels very novel about everything and she is very interested in everything. Fortunately everyone's English The levels are all good, and there is no barrier to communication.

This time the explanation for the two is still the Taiwanese woman Yang Huiling, who had previously served as a tour guide for Fan Wuyi in Sydney. It has only been more than two months since Fan Wuyi came here last time.

Seeing Fan Wubing coming back so soon, Yang Huiling was also a little surprised. But when she saw Shen Ying who was very fresh about everything, Yang Huiling couldn't help but envy the pair of golden boys and girls. It's a match made in heaven.

"Australia is one of the member states of the Commonwealth. Its political institutions and customs follow the Western traditions and implement a bicameral parliamentary system. The Senate has twelve seats in each state, and half of its members are elected by referendum every three years. The term of office is six years. The House of Representatives is elected by referendum according to the ratio of each state. The term of office is three years, with at least five representatives from each state. The party or multi-party alliance that holds the majority in the House of Representatives will form the government and provide candidates for the prime minister and ministers. The minister must be a member of parliament." Yang Huiling introduced to Shen Ying, "The cabinet is the main body for the government to formulate policies. It is presided over by the prime minister. About half of the ministers are cabinet members. The cabinet meeting is informal and held in secret. The decision of the cabinet is passed. The administrative committee has legal effect after approval. The administrative committee is a procedural organization chaired by the governor. Although all ministers are members of the administrative committee, usually only two or three ministers attend the meeting."

"Is the Governor of Australia the Queen of England?" Shen Ying asked.

Yang Huiling shook her head and replied, "The Governor of Australia is the representative of Queen Elizabeth II. His role is to mediate or make a decision when the Parliament and the Prime Minister have serious differences on major national issues and must make a decision as soon as possible. But in recent years , Australians are also trying to achieve an independent republic, so as to save the establishment of a governor’s palace and the annual cost of the British royal cruise to Australia. However, public surveys show that more Australians are more accustomed to the current system and believe that the current system Favors and limits the centralization of power and the stability of the country."

The Governor of Australia is the representative of the Australian monarch in Australia. According to the current Australian and British laws, Australia and the United Kingdom share a monarch, and this monarch resides in the United Kingdom. Therefore, the Governor of Australia generally functions as a national dollar.

As the plenipotentiary representative of the monarch, the governor has great powers in jurisprudence. The constitution gives him the supreme executive power of the country. He is also the commander-in-chief of the armed forces, can make and cancel decrees, and has the power to appoint and dismiss parliament, ministers and prime ministers. However, in accordance with the traditional British practice of Westminster, the governor does not interfere in the administration and exercises power in accordance with the recommendations of the prime minister.

Similarly, in de jure, the governor is nominated by the prime minister and appointed by the monarch. But since Britain confirmed the independent status of the dominions in the 1930s, the monarch has not rejected the nomination of the Australian Prime Minister. Similarly, on the issue of the appointment of the Governor-General, the monarch only follows the advice of the Australian Prime Minister and does not consider the recommendations of the British Parliament and Parliament. In fact, the appointment and removal of the Governor-General are in the hands of the Australian Prime Minister.

These legal and customary contradictions sometimes cause disputes. In the constitutional crisis of 1975, Governor John Kerr disbanded the government of Edward Whitlam as prime minister on the grounds that the prime minister could not pass the budget bill through the Senate.

At that time, Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom decided not to interfere on the grounds that Australia has become an independent country and its governor is Yuan, and the constitutional crisis must be resolved by Australia itself.

John Kerr's actions have been controversial ever since. Opponents believe that in law, in accordance with the practice of Westminster, the Governor should not dissolve the government that has a majority in the House of Representatives. Politically, opponents believe that a non-popular governor should not have the power to dissolve a government elected by the people.

After listening to this brief introduction of the situation, Shen Ying felt that the political structure of foreigners was really a bit inexplicable. If they had to make it so complicated, they would be confused by themselves.

Fan Wubing said, "Actually, you can't laugh at them too much. After all, they are doing this to find a more perfect political system that can supervise each other, and they are unwilling to concentrate power too much in one person's hands. Isn’t there such a saying, absolute power leads to absolute violence. Although the degree of such violence can be large or small due to the personal factors of the ruling party, as long as it is centralized politics, it is easy to breed violence.”

"It sounds like this system does not fit our national conditions." Shen Ying said after listening.

Fan Wubing smiled, "Well, that's right."

At present, the Commonwealth of Australia is divided into six states and two territories, and the country is managed by the federal, state territories, and local governments.

The Australian parliament and government are responsible for all matters involving national interests. The six state governments and state legislatures supplement the activities of the federal government. The Northern Territory and Australia's territories are similar to the states and are largely autonomous.

The powers and responsibilities of various local governments are different. Generally speaking, they are responsible for town planning, management of parks, entertainment venues, swimming pools, public libraries and community centers, roads, streets and bridges, construction and maintenance, water supply, sewage and drainage systems, public health and sanitation, building supervision, weights and measures And other regulations.

The Constitution stipulates that Australia’s judicial power belongs to the Australian High Court and other courts established by the Australian Parliament. The Parliament established the Federal Court of Australia and the Family Court of Australia, which are responsible for handling cases in certain areas specified by the Federal Law. In addition, state courts have been granted federal jurisdiction in certain areas. All states, metropolitan territories, and northern regions have their own court systems.

Australian law enforcement duties are performed jointly by the federal, state and northern police. Local police independently uphold the laws of the state or region. But there is also a lot of formal and informal cooperation between them and various governments. The Australian Federal Police and the National Fight Crime Agency are the main law enforcement agencies of the federal government.

After the three men and the bodyguards had been around the state government for a while, they found a place to sit down.

The weather here, but at the hottest time, Yang Huiling kept fanning with a travel guide, still sweating on her forehead, but the service staff from the state government saw that everyone looked like She eagerly brought up a big bucket with her thin beads of sweat. There was ice cream in it, and everyone was invited to taste it.

"Hehe, this is probably the ice cream consumed by the state government itself, everyone has tasted it." Yang Huiling said with a smile.

After eating the ice cream, she felt that the heat was gradually dissipating, and Shen Ying said to Fan Wuyao, "It is too hot here. If we get to the mining area, will the conditions be worse?"

"That's not necessarily true. The mining area is in the north, which is about two thousand kilometers away. It must be much cooler." Fan Wuyao replied.

"More than two thousand kilometers?!" Shen Ying said with eyes wide open, "Australia is really vast and sparsely populated! It's just such a long distance, it takes a long time to drive."

"Driving is naturally slow. We usually fly over by plane." Yang Huiling interrupted.

That is, in the afternoon, Fan Wubing and his group of six people took a small biplane and drove over the mining area for a walk, giving Shen Ying a taste of Australia’s primitive wilderness and the grand scene of the mining area being opened. , And then returned to Perth, where the branch office stayed on the basement to rest.

At dinner, Governor Hobbit and others came to visit and gave Fan Wuyi a meal. During the dinner, everyone chatted various gossips. Then Hobbit asked Fan Wuyi about buying the island~www.wuxiaspot.com ~ Then he said enviously, “The government has now ordered the prohibition of continuing to sell islands to private owners. The islands purchased by Mr. Fan have already appreciated a lot at this time.”

"If the governor likes it, I can send you an island." Fan Wuyao said with a smile.

",,!" Hobbit quickly waved his hand, "I dare not ask for this! It will kill people!"

Hobbit is still thinking about asking for the post of Prime Minister during the next general election. If someone knows that he is now openly accepting bribes from foreigners, his current post will be immediately revoked. What else is there to talk about sustainable development? ?

In fact, Hobbit is very interested in the opening of Fan's disease-free mines. The key reason is that the development of this industry chain is not only limited to mines, but also provides tens of thousands of job opportunities in the direction of railway construction and port construction. , And the relevant beneficiaries are countless. The Western Australian government, which has not had a building atmosphere for many years, is now crowded and attracted many investors.

It is conceivable that once Fantasea’s mine enters a stable extension period, the various subsidiary industries that follow will also be greatly developed. This is an important guarantee for Hobbit to achieve a good result during the governor’s term. .