Rebirth of South America as King

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On the outskirts of Chang'an (Córdoba), two steaming steam trains were driving into the train station with their harsh whistle.

Chang'an Railway Station is located in Wen'an Town, twenty miles away from the city center. Benefiting from the government's large railway development plan, Chang'an Railway Station has become an important hub for North-South railway transportation. Every month, there are tens of thousands of merchants, soldiers, Ordinary people transport the food, meat, industrial and commercial products and important mineral resources needed by local people to different regions of the country by train.

The railway is the lifeblood industry for revitalizing economic development. Of the four main railways planned and constructed by the government in 1879, the Songjiang-Zhangqiu (San Salvador-Dejuoi) railway in the northern section started construction in May 1880, and December 17 of that year On December 29, the construction of the Huaiyang-Songjiang branch trunk railway was completed. On December 29, Yongnian (Tukuman City) -Zhangqiu branch-main railway construction task was completed. On January 7, 1881, the Huaiyang-Songjiang branch trunk railway and the previous several The construction of the Huaiyang-Chang'an Zhigan Railway was completed and opened to traffic in January. On January 14, 1881, the four branches of the Songjiang-Zhangqiu Railway were opened to traffic. As a result, the mainland of China also had the first communication with the northern forest, Long-distance railway in the northwestern mountains to the central Pampas plains.

The Songjiang-Zhangqiu Railway was delayed by about one and a half months compared with the planned construction date of the government. During the construction process, due to lack of construction experience, two railway subgrade collapses and a failed cave excavation accident led to German design engineers. And the local engineering construction unit temporarily changed the construction plan, bypassing a 12-kilometre mountainous area on the Jinzhou railway section, increasing the total mileage of the railway section in Jinzhou by eight kilometers, delaying the overall construction progress.

The first time the railway was built with the assistance of foreign engineers, it was inevitable that it encountered some difficulties and setbacks, but in view of the important role of the railway in the development of the country's economy, on March 20, 1881, it was reported to the Li Mingyuan for approval after discussion by the chiefs of various central departments. The Railway Development Division was spun off from the Ministry of Industry and a separate Ministry of Railways was established to be responsible for railway construction, management, maintenance and other related affairs.

With the growth of the country's population, the increase in the area of ​​the country, and the increase in various internal affairs of the government, some of the twelve central departments and institutes established in the early days increased the number of functional affairs and the responsibilities and functional affairs of each subdivision were unknown. Hundreds of incidents of bluffing and shoving responsibilities between departments, and even four cases involving important military and political affairs, brought lawsuits to Li Mingyuan.

The Ministry of Industry, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Finance, and the General Staff are the departments that have the most daily involvement. The Ministry of Industry often conflicts with the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Finance, and the General Staff because of water conservancy construction, financial construction funding, and military industry. The Ministry of Households and the Ministry of Finance may also have disputes with the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Public Affairs and other departments for other reasons.

Facing the chaos between the various departments, Li Mingyuan has discussed with the main officials on the reorganization of the functions of the Central Government Department and the division of subdivided departments, and has initially reached the division of the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Households, the Ministry of Industry, and the General Staff. The four powers of the ministry are too concentrated on the consensus of the sector.

According to Li Mingyuan's plan, the Ministry of Finance will split two new departments: the audit department, the national bank and the financial management department.

The Ministry of Households is divided into the Ministry of Land and Resources Management. In addition to the Ministry of Railways, the Ministry of Industry will also be divided into the Ministry of Water Resources and Construction, and the General Staff will be divided into two to establish independent naval and army departments.

Among them, the Ministry of Audit is mainly responsible for the major projects related to national development, the implementation of the annual budget of the Ministry of Finance, the statistics of national fiscal revenue and expenditure and other fiscal revenue and expenditure, and the supervision and management of state-owned industrial assets.

On the basis of the original currency issuance and maintaining foreign exchange rate stability functions, the National Bank and Financial Management Department has added management and supervision power to local private banks, finance, and lending, while improving its administrative level. Has the same administrative rank and is directly responsible to the emperor.

The Ministry of Land and Resources is responsible for the allocation, management, protection, and rational use of natural resources such as local land resources, national mineral resources, agricultural and forestry resources, and marine fishery resources.

The Ministry of Household Affairs retains such functions as the management of local hukou, the implementation and supervision of rewarding fertility policies, the rewards and security of the military, meritorious personnel, and disabled soldiers.

The Ministry of Water Resources is responsible for the construction, maintenance, and management of water conservancy projects in the local area.

Formulate long-term water supply and demand plans, programs, and monitor implementation across the country and across regions. Responsible for water resources dispatch of major river basins, regions and major canal excavation projects. Organize people to conduct flood drainage, drought relief and disaster relief drills, formulate natural disaster response plans, and formulate and supervise the actual situation of industrial and agricultural water use.

After the spin-off of the Ministry of Water Resources and the Ministry of Railways, the administrative functions of the Ministry of Industry have been changed to plan the development layout of local light and heavy industries, apply for and review major industrial development projects, and monitor and manage local industrial enterprises, factories, and companies from a national perspective. .

After the disintegration and separation of the administrative departments, the central level of administrative agencies will be increased from the original 12 to 19, which are the Ministry of Households, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Civil Affairs, the Ministry of Ceremony, the Ministry of Education, and the Ministry of Criminal Affairs.

Ministry of Industry, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Commerce, Inspectorate, Legislative Yuan, Advisory Council (composed of elected representatives of retired soldiers and elected representatives of local people), Ministry of Railways, Audit Department, Water Resources Department, National Bank and Financial Management Department, Ministry of Land and Resources , Admiralty, War Department.

The newly added departments have detailed and clarified their functional responsibilities. At the same time, they have also avoided the disadvantages of excessive responsibilities and lack of checks and balances in some departments.

Differentiation and checks and balances are the necessary political means for governing the country. Resolving conflicts and contradictions between various departments by subdividing administrative functions, while leaving more free space for the officials and military officers to allow them to pass relatively fair. This is the purpose of changing the functions of various central departments.

After the train docked, and two side-by-side train hatches opened, various people, such as ordinary people wearing coarse short jackets, westerners wearing suits, holding civilized sticks, diplomats, and more, emerged from the compartments. The others are in a hurry, wearing over-wearing green uniforms soldiers and officers.

The big railway plan is an important part of the ten-year development plan. As of July 1881, the local railway construction project continued in full swing. These soldiers wearing green uniforms and carrying various construction tools, All belong to the engineering army. Before the ten-year development plan was released, although there was a standing engineering army in the Han country, its number was only three or five thousand, and it was not as large as it is now.

After the Argentine War officially ended in September 1879, in order to solve the huge labor required for railway construction and local transportation development planning, the Han government decided to recruit soldiers from the Second-line Police Force and the Third-line Militia Reserve to enrich the engineering force, and within three years, will The number of engineering troops expanded to 100,000,

After the rapid expansion of the engineering army, except for the 4,000-strong technical armies, the remaining troops were mainly used to perform railway construction after simple military skills training. During the service of the engineering army, their military salaries and labor subsidies were all based on second-line security. Military standards issued,

After the expiration of the service period, soldiers with good performance and professional skills will be allowed to enter the field service of the engineering army and become an enviable technical soldier.

And those soldiers who do not meet the requirements of the military and are unwilling to continue engineering construction will, after the expiration of their service period, choose to receive military subsidies in accordance with their own wishes, or respond to national calls and go to newly developed states and counties to receive national priority. A reward of 50 acres of arable land or 500 acres of ranch and grassland will start a new life in a newly reclaimed home.

The local industrial development has significant advantages over the general late-developing countries, but because of the time constraints and the relative shortage of the country's population, the number of people that can be accommodated by light and heavy industries accounts for only a small part, and ordinary workers engaged in industrial fields, One year's salary, compared to a family of six with a family of one hundred acres of farmland or one thousand acres of Chinese farmers ~ www.wuxiaspot.com ~ does not occupy an economic advantage, so in the late nineteenth century South America is a place where agricultural development is more beneficial than industrial development. After the expiration of the service period, more engineering soldiers choose to go to newly developed states and counties, and the family is divided into 50 to 60 acres, 100 acres of arable land, or 500 acres. To one thousand acres of pasture.

The core of the Han Empire is the vast plain of La Plata and the pampas prairie that can not be seen at a glance. In the central region, the area of ​​the grassland is wider. A family of immigrants has a pasture area of ​​500 to 1,000 acres. Capable of raising cattle and sheep ranging from several hundred to one thousand, and compared with farming fields, a family of the same population can be divided into ten times more ranch land, and the cattle and sheep produced on the ranch The selling price is also higher than that of grain. For this reason, more and more people see the sweetness and are more inclined to choose a pasture that occupies less labor and has a higher output ratio as the basis for starting a family.

The boundaries between the farming and the herdsmen are rapidly mixed or disappeared in the South American and Han countries. It is no wonder that although the Pampas area is dominated by grasslands, the local rainfall is far more than 400 mm, and the Pampas grasslands are not Mongolian. Extreme weather such as drought and cold on the grasslands, on the contrary, has a mild climate, which is very suitable for Chinese living, but for special reasons, the grass has not been replaced by forests.

Therefore, the Chinese people who raise livestock do not need to go through the test of the nomadic people facing the harsh natural environment. They can settle in an area according to their original habits and plant trees near the houses they live in. Because the rain is abundant, Trees can grow normally, but they are rarely seen on uninhabited grasslands. As for the reasons, neither Li Mingyuan nor the ordinary Chinese people are aware of it, and they just attribute this phenomenon to a unique type in South America.