I Have a Research Support System

At around five o'clock in the evening, Mo Wenlin completed the evaporation work of today's batch of stacked devices and started vacuum placement.

At this time, Xu Qiu went to the laboratory and began to regenerate the spin-coated glove box.

First close the circulation system of the glove box, then open the valve of the nitrogen-hydrogen mixture, and preset the pressure of the pressure reducing valve to 0.8 MPa, which is equivalent to a pressure of 8 atmospheres, and finally click the regeneration button on the control panel of the glove box to start Perform regeneration operation.

After clicking the regeneration button, a countdown appears on the control panel: "23:59:59..."

Next, the glove box will start to execute according to the internal preset procedures:

The first 3 hours are a purely internal heating phase;

After 3 hours, the gas valve of the nitrogen-hydrogen mixture will be opened, and the nitrogen-hydrogen mixture will enter the glove box to purify the atmosphere in the box;

After 24 hours, the regeneration is over and the glove box needs to be restarted.

Nitrogen-hydrogen mixed gas is very critical for the regeneration operation. If the regeneration gas cannot be input into the glove box due to the blockage of the gas path, the regeneration will fail.

Therefore, three hours after the regeneration is started, it is necessary to go back to the laboratory to confirm whether the nitrogen-hydrogen mixture is normal.

So, after Xu Qiu had dinner with his school girl and did some after-dinner exercise, he returned to Caiyi 216 again when it was nearly nine o'clock.

Before leaving the laboratory, Xu Qiu had already hung the gas mask at the door of the laboratory in advance, and now he can take it directly.

Although gas masks are hung outside the laboratory, such things are generally not stolen...

After all, it is worn directly to the mouth, and there is usually one in the laboratory, and they will not be mixed.

Xu Qiu put on the gas mask, swiped his card, quickly entered the door, and closed the door to prevent the "poisonous gas" from leaking into the corridor.

Entering the laboratory, through the gas mask, the smell of chlorobenzene can still be smelled, but it is not very strong.

When approaching the glove box, Xu Qiu could clearly hear the "squeaky" airflow sound from the nitrogen-hydrogen mixture entering the glove box. At the same time, the indication of the pressure reducing valve was also normal, which was 0.8 MPa. The control panel of the glove box showed normal. It is also on.

Speaking of the windows of the laboratory, buildings like Caiyi, which were built earlier, adopt the old-fashioned two-story window design.

That is to say, there are four windows in total, two inside and two outside, with a cuboid cavity in the middle. At the same time, due to the long service life, the windows are all rusty.

Xu Qiu still remembers that when he was a child, the bungalows at home used this kind of windows, and some potted plants could be planted in the middle cavity, or some sundries could be placed there.

However, if you raise potted plants in the laboratory, it is estimated that they will die after a few days of raising them. Maybe there may be some special variation?

Xu Qiu's specific strategy for opening windows is to open one window on the inside and one window on the outside in counterpoint.

In this way, the air can circulate through the cavity in the middle instead of directly, which can not only achieve the effect of ventilation, but also prevent rainwater and thieves from entering the laboratory.

After the inspection found that the regeneration process was normal, Xu Qiu left the laboratory and hung the gas mask on the door again.

On Saturday, after five o'clock in the afternoon, Xu Qiu returned to the laboratory again.

Speaking of which, this Saturday was supposed to be a make-up class for the New Year's Day holiday, but due to rebirth, the experiment could not be done, so Wei Xingsi didn't insist on asking everyone to come on Saturday, and he didn't come either.

Therefore, Xu Qiu is equivalent to winning a day off for the research team members.

In the laboratory, because of the ventilation, the smell of the solvent inside has been very light, and there may be a trace of residue, but at least you can't smell it with your nose.

The rubber gloves in the glove box were already deflated. Xu Qiu looked at the control panel of the glove box. The current oxygen value was more than 500 ppm. Although it exceeded the standard, it was normal.

Because during the regeneration process, the circulation function of the glove box is closed, and nitrogen cannot be added at any time, so relative to the external atmospheric pressure, the inside of the glove box cannot maintain a positive pressure, and some air will enter.

After the nitrogen-hydrogen mixture was used up, Xu Qiu closed the main valve of his steel cylinder, then returned to the glove box, and turned on the cleaning function, setting the time for ten minutes.

After cleaning, the oxygen value dropped to less than 100ppm.

Xu Qiu did not continue to clean, but directly turned on the circulation to let the glove box start to run again, because after using the circulation function of the glove box, the oxygen value can be reduced to less than 0.1ppm spontaneously.

If the oxygen value is forcibly cleaned to a very low level, it is not impossible, but it is too much waste of nitrogen.

For example, cleaning from 500ppm to 100ppm takes 10 minutes;

It may take 5 minutes to wash from 100ppm to 50ppm, and it may take half an hour to wash to 10ppm, which is not very cost-effective.

After finishing the regeneration, Xu Qiu sent a message to Mo Wenlin, informing her: "The laboratory can conduct experiments normally."

Afterwards, he slipped away, not intending to stay and participate in the device testing.

First, this batch of devices was "vacuum placed" for 24 hours, deviating from the optimal conditions, and the efficiency may be reduced by 0.1-0.3%;

Secondly, it is prepared before regeneration, and the efficiency may continue to decrease by 0.2-0.5%;

Finally, coupled with the fact that Mo Wenlin's processing conditions are not optimal, there is a high probability that the efficiency will be reduced by 0.4%-1% again.

With so many DEBUFFs superimposed, the efficiency is likely to be less than 17%.

Therefore, Xu Qiu was not in the mood to stay and instead went to have dinner with Han Jiaying, and they even made an appointment to watch a movie together in the evening.

Several blockbuster movies were released on New Year's Day, and they only watched "Bumpman vs. Venom", and they plan to watch them all one by one.

The film I watched today is called "The Preserved Egg Is Myself".

It tells the story of a protagonist who is looking for the mysterious man "preserved egg". The "preserved egg" in his memory is the enemy who has been chasing and killing him...

After some reasoning, deduction, and exploration, the protagonist finally discovered that the "preserved egg" was himself.

It turned out that the protagonist became insane after killing someone.

As a result, by mistake, the fragmented memory of the slain was implanted, and he thought he was still being hunted down...

Well, although the plot is a bit ridiculous, it's still fun to watch.

When Xu Qiu was in the movie theater, eating popcorn, drinking happy water, and hugging his school girl, he received a message from Mo Wenlin: "[Crying] The highest efficiency of today's batch of devices is 16.20%, which is not as good as the previous results. .”

Xu Qiu had a premonition about this, so he presented the big cake prepared in advance: "Next week, after we regenerate the glove box, we will adjust the conditions carefully, and it will definitely increase by 17%!"

Mo Wenlin didn't know if she choked on the cake, so she didn't reply.

On Sunday, because Mo Wenlin worked overtime on Saturday, Xu Qiu didn't let her continue making devices.

It happened that Han Jiaying had written an article for a week and wanted to "change the taste", so the school girl took over Mo Wenlin's position and began to prepare laminated devices.

Xu Qiu is also looking forward to whether the junior can continue her European spirit.

Last time, it was the accidental discovery of the school girl that made the performance of the stacked device break through 16% in one fell swoop. I wonder if it can break through 17% in one fell swoop this time?

At ten o'clock in the evening, Han Jiaying finally completed the device, and used the method of vacuum placement to store the device in the evaporation cabin.

Xu Qiu calculated that when the test starts at 2 o'clock tomorrow afternoon, it happens to be the best condition for 16 hours of storage, which is perfect.

Speaking of which, the school girl originally belonged to the fourth work by name, but now her contribution has gradually increased, not even lower than Wu Shengnan who is in charge of synthetic materials.

However, Han Jiaying didn't mean to compete with Wu Shengnan for the third work. If it was the second work, it might still be useful. There is not much difference between the third and fourth works.

As for the current second work, Mo Wenlin's contribution is indeed high, and her second work belongs to the second work that is not so watery.

Monday, group meeting.

The perovskite team reported first.

Wu Feifei has completed the work on two-dimensional perovskite stacked devices and submitted it last Sunday to the target journal CM.

Sn-based two-dimensional perovskite system, Wu Feifei and Sun Wo began to write a review.

Although the review comments of the proposal have not come back yet, even if ACSEL fails to vote, you can still vote for AFM, or you can vote for JMCA.

For a review, write it out, there is always a place to vote.

It is said that some research groups have "big bosses" who specialize in writing reviews, and they don't do experiments, but only write reviews.

And instead of writing a review in their own field, they choose a hot field to write, and then write one article a month, which can produce more than ten review articles a year...

In fact, except for the full-fledged reviews written by big guys, such as Xu Qiu's previous "Joule", most of the reviews are similar to the existence of hands-on exercises for students, without much scientific significance. It is almost enough to publish two or three review articles, and this kind of more than a dozen articles a year is a bit too watery.

Moreover, the status of review articles is usually one level lower than that of normal experimental work.

If a researcher claims that he has published an AM, people will assume that he published AM experimental work, not an AM review. If it is a review, he will usually actively declare that he is publishing a review.

Just like publishing a "Science" statement to the outside world, there is a high probability that it will be an article of experimental work, not a short review or review.

Sun Wo achieved the efficiency of tin-based perovskite devices to 2% last week. After discussing with Wu Feifei, he planned to start with a two-dimensional perovskite mixed with lead and tin, such as 25% tin and 75% Lead, 50% tin, 50% lead.

Even if the novelty is poor, at least improve the efficiency first, for example, if it can achieve 8% or 10%, publish a small article, and then consider making a two-dimensional perovskite with all tin. It also emphasizes a step-by-step process.

However, before the implementation started, Wei Xingsi stopped it and asked him to write a review with Wu Feifei, and then made way for Xu Qiu and the others to make organic stacked devices.

For Sun Wo, of course, there is not much so-called so-called. Although writing a review is also work, compared with doing experiments, the work intensity is much lower, and now it can be regarded as "following orders".

Duan Yun brought everyone what he learned about his internship from Warwick. Of course, this was not reported at the group meeting, but mentioned in private exchanges.

During the current internship period, the company does not have high requirements for them, there is no KPI or anything, no overtime is required, and the working hours are also free.

However, Duan Yun looked at the old employees who had already joined the company, and they basically worked overtime.

It may also be related to their very good benefits for working overtime. There is an overtime meal at around 8 o'clock in the evening, which is very rich, at least much better than the school cafeteria.

Therefore, even if many employees have finished their work, they will specially paddle until eight o'clock, eat a supper before going back, and get some overtime pay.

However, Duan Yun estimates that there is a high probability that he will not be able to truly know what a company is like until he officially joins the company. What he sees during the internship period is far less real than what he personally experienced.

For example, before entering the research group, some people saw other people doing high-intensity work, and felt that "I can do it myself", and they should be able to withstand the pressure, but only after they really experienced it will they understand this. What exactly does stress mean.

Tian Qing helped Xu Qiu redraw more than ten illustrations in the article last week, and then released these illustrations at the group meeting.

I have to say that these pictures have been optimized by her, and they do look a bit decent, adding a sense of luxury to them.

Moreover, these pictures have original templates, and even updated data can be directly replaced later.

In addition, regarding the research on the charge transport mechanism of organic photovoltaic stacked devices, although Tian Qing did not have any substantial experimental progress, she contacted Feng Shengdong from Sweden and Ronald from Finland last week, and together with Xu Qiu, they had a multi-party discussion .

In the end, they plan to work together to write a big article, and the research system is the best organic photovoltaic stack device system in the group.

The future hot work in my group can naturally be rubbed on.

Tian Qing is responsible for preliminary research on CELIV, TOF, etc., and then connects with others.

Ronald provides advanced research on CELIV and TOF.

Feng Shengdong from Sweden is responsible for providing support in TAS and other aspects.

Xu Qiu provided material support and watched other people perform.

Originally, Xu Qiu tried to take over the research on mobile phone mechanics, but later found that it was too difficult and needed to learn a lot of knowledge from scratch, so he gave up temporarily and chose to specialize in material synthesis and device processing technology optimization, which happened to be in line with the system's Function fit.

Professional things are still left to professional people to complete.

Now in the field of scientific research, multi-collaboration is a very good normal mode, and there is no need to use your own shortcomings to challenge the strengths of others.

Just like starting a business, if you want to succeed, the best thing is to constantly polish your strengths and make yourself the best in a certain aspect.

As for your own shortcomings, you can form a team by recruiting some capable people, and then give it to other people in the team to help supplement.

It is worth mentioning that Ronald in Finland also studied the PTB7-TH: IEICO standard sample system provided by the group.

Ronald's research group used various CELIV methods developed by themselves to characterize the charge mobility data, interface recombination, trap state distribution, etc. in the standard sample system, and then obtained the overall charge transport kinetic information of the photovoltaic device. Sent a JPCL.

The speed of their article production is slower than that of Tian Qing, who is relatively paddling in the group, which may be related to the repetition of experiments in their articles.

Xu Qiu did not name this article, but Tian Qing, Chen Wanqing and Wei Xingsi all did.

Moreover, Tian Qing helped test some early data because of her assistant, so she was linked to the second game.

Chen Wanqing brought news from Blue River Company.

Now Blue River has developed a prototype of the second-generation scratch coating machine, which is currently being debugged.

Compared with the previous first-generation scraper coating machine, they upgraded the scraper and improved the heating plate to improve the uniformity of heating the substrate.

In the end, the uncertainty of the obtained film thickness was reduced from the original ±100 nanometers to within ±50 nanometers by using the second-generation doctor blade coating machine.

That is to say, the thickness expected to be 200 nanometers can be roughly within 150-250 nanometers through the second-generation scrape-coating machine, while the accuracy of the original generation of scraper-coating machines is roughly 100-300 nanometers.

In addition, the development of Blue River Optoelectronic Materials Co., Ltd. is also very good, especially the sales of IDIC series materials are very good.

It may also be because of the publication of Xu Qiu's "Nature·Energy" article, coupled with Wei Xingsi's publicity at the conference, that the IDIC series materials became famous.

In just one month, more than 30 grams of the three materials of the IDIC, IDIC-M, and IDIC-4F series alone have been sold, and more than 50 grams of related monomer materials have been sold.

The number of cooperative research groups has rapidly expanded from a few to more than 20 now.

In addition to the AM sub-journal article published by Ma Weiwei, other research groups have also hatched a lot of scientific research results, and mentioned Blue River Photoelectric Materials Company in the experimental materials section.

However, Xu Qiu reckons that this wave of market conditions will most likely be unsustainable.

Because Xu Qiu greeted Yang Qin in advance to let him prepare early, so during this month, the IDIC series materials are basically exclusive to Blue River Photoelectric Materials Company.

It can be regarded as a time lag. Several other optoelectronic material companies, such as the one in Shencheng, only replenished the supply of IDIC-related materials after New Year's Day.

Moreover, these research groups who have purchased IDIC-related materials also need time to consume the purchased materials, and there is a high probability that they will not repurchase in a short time.

Xu Qiu didn't report at the group meeting this week. Last week, the highest device efficiency reached 16.60%. Wei Xingsi already knew about it, and also arranged an "efficiency sprint plan".

Han Jiaying was mainly writing articles on PTQ1 work last week, the target journal AM, and the current progress is 40%.

Wu Shengnan continued the work of Xu Qiu's Y1-Y4 series of materials.

Last week, she synthesized Y5, Y6, and Y7, which she named herself, and reported some basic characterization work of Y series materials, including nuclear magnetic resonance and elemental analysis.

Characterization equipment on school public platforms such as nuclear magnetic resonance and elemental analysis may be closed during the winter vacation.

Therefore, if you can test early, you must test earlier, otherwise you will have to wait a month or two before the school starts to test.

In addition, because the organic photovoltaic devices in the group use an inverted structure, the devices can be evaporated at the same time. Wu Shengnan also had a wave of devices with Mo Wenlin last week.

The results can only be said to be so-so. The Y5, Y6, and Y7 materials designed and synthesized by Wu Shengnan generally have an efficiency of about 13%, and the maximum is over 14%. There is no device performance that exceeds Y3.

However, she repeated the result of Xu Qiu's J4:Y3 system, and the efficiency reached 14.51%. The result of this system Xu Qiu had explored before was 14.53%.

In fact, the data of 14.5% is already very high, but because the efficiency was later caught up by the stacked device, Xu Qiu did not study it further for the time being.

Now, Wu Shengnan happens to be helping to do basic characterization experiments. Xu Qiu plans to sort out the preliminary work of the Y series after this "Science" article is submitted, submit a few small articles such as AM, and let the simulation experiment The laboratory began to carry out fine exploration work on Y series materials.

Finally, Mo Wenlin made a brief report.

Although Wei Xingsi had been notified of the device test results last week, she still drew the J-V curve and the EQE curve to give herself a sense of presence in the group meeting.

After all, it's my own hard work. Without saying anything, I always feel like I've been paddling for a week.

After the group meeting was over, the organic photovoltaic team officially started the efficiency sprint mode, and Xu Qiu decided to make ten batches of devices in a row.

Although according to the usual practice, the minimum requirement for device repeatability experiments is 5 batches, but 5 batches are too few. If you usually send AM, you can do 5 batches. Now that you are hitting "Science", you need to do more perfect.

In fact, it is best to repeat more than 20 batches, but for 20 batches, it will take a month, which is too long.

Some research groups have multiple evaporation equipment, which can be done in this way, but there is no such condition in the group now, so Xu Qiu chose a compromise of 10 batches of devices.

At 1:30 in the afternoon, Xu Qiu and Han Jiaying opened the evaporation chamber and began to test the first batch of regenerated devices. Mo Wenlin also came to watch.

The efficiency of the first device reached a very auspicious 16.80%!

Sure enough, the regeneration effect was immediate.

Xu Qiu stroked Han Jiaying's cute little head: "Student girl is awesome!"

Han Jiaying obediently rubbed Xu Qiu's hand: "Brother is also great!"

Mo Wenlin's face was full of black lines: "Meow meow? You two give me enough time!!!"

Seeing that the results were good, Xu Qiu didn't stop any longer, and went directly to the spin-coating glove box to start the preparation of the second batch of devices.

At this stage, Mo Wenlin and Han Jiaying's optimization methods are somewhat similar to Xu Qiu's previous work in the simulation laboratory, which is to first frame a boundary condition, and then gradually improve the accuracy and narrow the scope of exploration.

For example, the previously explored ranges were polymer solution concentrations of 6, 8, and 10 mg/ml, and rotational speeds of 3000, 4000, and 5000 r.p.m.

Then the fine regulation is to change the concentration in the range of 1 mg per milliliter, and the speed in the range of 500 r.p.m.

The principle is similar to Xu Qiu's control of film thickness, but it is not as intuitive as film thickness.

However, for Xu Qiu, naturally, it doesn't need to be so troublesome. He already knows the optimal conditions, so he chooses to do it in one step and directly adopts the optimal conditions.

In this way, we can omit the meaningless exploration work in reality, and strive to make the device performance break through 17% earlier in reality, so as to arrange the next work.

Including asking Mo Wenlin to go to NIM to send samples for third-party inspection, SEM scanning electron microscope to test the thickness, draw a two-dimensional map corresponding to the film thickness of the bottom cell and top cell and the performance of the device, modify the text and pictures of the article, and ask everyone in the group to help Then improve the article and so on.