Greece’s Roman Road

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The office of the Palace in the spacious Syntagma Square was quiet. The tip of the pen rubbed the surface of the paper and made a rustling sound, which could be clearly heard. Crown Prince Constantine was concentrating on his official business.

It has been more than half a year since the end of the war between Greece and Bulgaria, but there seems to be more troublesome work: the reception of newly recovered territories, the restoration of domestic order and production, the disarmament of the army, the railway in Macedonia With the construction of roads, the development of new territories in Greece, and so on.

"toot toot"

There was a quick knock on the door.

"Come in," Constantine put down the pen in his hand and said, rubbing his sour brows.

"Squeaky", the door of the office was opened, and the attendant in black uniform first gave a respectful military salute, holding a document in his left hand, and said respectfully: "His Royal Highness, the government has just released the data of this year's various departments. The information has been sent, in addition to the economic data of European countries fed back by the Greek diplomatic missions abroad, all of which have been compiled.”

Hearing that the important documents had arrived, Constantine shuddered, stood up from the high-back chair, went to the desk in person, and took the documents from the attendant.

The time is already the end of 1913, and the impressive 1914 is about to usher in. Constantine is eager to know the details of Greece and European countries. These data will be an important basis for future national decision-making.

Constantine turned over the documents earnestly. The various economic data of Greece did not disappoint him, and soon a happy smile appeared on his face.

Greece's economy has developed by leaps and bounds. In terms of gross industrial output value (gdp is a later indicator, it has not yet appeared in this era, and the common indicator for measuring economic data is industrial output value), in 1913 Greece's gross industrial output value reached 7.2%. billion drachmas, an increase of about 30% compared to 1912.

The reason for such gratifying results is probably because the development of the Macedonia region has begun to show results.

For a long time, due to the competition of three neighboring countries, mainly Greece and Serbia, as well as Bulgaria, the Macedonia region has been in chaos, social order has been chaotic, and production activities have been disrupted.

Now that the ownership of Macedonia has been settled, Greece has successfully acquired most of the Macedonian territory through two wars in 1912 and 1913.

Under the urging of Constantine and the operation of the Venizelos government, the social order in Macedonia has been restored, the life of the people has returned to peace and tranquility, and the economic and production activities that have been suppressed for a long time have been released.

The lives of the people here are no longer under constant threat as before, and they are living a precarious life, and the enthusiasm for production is like a volcanic eruption.

Even if it develops rapidly, according to the forecast of the Greek government, there is still huge potential for economic growth in Macedonia to be tapped.

The full potential of the Macedonian region was to be fully realized, at least until the end of 1916, provided that all went well.

By then, the economic strength of Greece will reach a new level.

In addition, the rapid development of the Thessaloniki industrial area.

In the second half of 1913, Salonika, with its more favorable geographical location and excellent traffic conditions, radiated the advantages of the entire Macedonian agricultural production area. The Salonika Industrial Zone knocked down the Athens Industrial Zone and became the largest industrial area in Greece. Area.

Within half a year, the machines and equipment imported by various companies from Western European countries have been put into operation in Thessaloniki and started to be used for production.

The soldiers who were recruited by war mobilization before began to enter the factory one after another after demobilization, providing sufficient human resources for production.

In addition, Constantine also noted that an important message presented in the document is that Germany's industrial output value surpassed that of the United Kingdom, becoming the first industrial power in Europe.

Internationally, Germany's industrial output value ranks second in the world after the United States.

Britain's industrial output value was surpassed by the United States in 1898, losing the title of the world's largest industrial power, and now even the runner-up position, the mood at this moment must be very bitter.

The industrial output value rankings of European countries are Germany, the United Kingdom, France, Russia, Austria-Hungary, and Italy, while the industrial output value of Greece is close to the seventh-placed Netherlands.

Although there is still a significant gap between Greece's industrial output and developed countries in Western Europe, Greece is also making rapid progress and catching up.

Benefiting from the rapid economic development, the fiscal revenue of the Greek government has also risen.

In 1913 fiscal revenue reached 410 million drachma, an increase of 32% compared to 1912.

The mileage of roads and railways in Macedonia has reached 3,600 kilometers, of which 1,200 kilometers of railways are open to traffic.

In terms of highways, due to the long construction period, the Macedonian highways invested by the government are still under construction.

According to the plan of the government's transportation department, after the completion of the construction, the road mileage in Macedonia will reach 4,000 kilometers.

Under the urging of Constantine, the Venizelos government was under great financial pressure. Immediately after the war, it invested a large amount of financial expenditure for Macedonia.

The reason why Constantine did this was due to various considerations: firstly, it could strengthen Greece's control over the Macedonia region, and secondly, it was the need for economic development.

Now the construction planning of the railway in Macedonia has been basically completed. Starting from the railway station in Athens, passing through the transportation hub of Thessaloniki, it can reach Durrës in Albania, Skopje in North Macedonia, and Western Europe within two days. Reese's Kavala.

In terms of coal production, in 1913, Greece's lignite production reached a record 12 million tons.

Greece's own lignite reserves are still very rich. According to the current mineral exploration data, the lignite reserves that have been discovered in Greece have reached 4 billion tons.

Whether it is lignite reserves or lignite mining, it ranks first in European countries (except Russia).

Seeing that the amount of lignite mining in Greece has been growing rapidly, reaching 12 million tons this year, Constantine showed a gratified smile.

It was worthwhile for Constantine to personally travel across the ocean to New York, USA, and invited Tesla to Greece to help Greece build an AC power system.

The results now show that this is a wise decision!

The slow development of Greek industry at that time was due to the lack of hard coal in Greece.

The use of lignite combustion to generate electricity not only solves the problem of energy supply in Greece, but also allows Greece to catch up with the spring breeze of the electrical industrial revolution.

In the absence of hard coal, high-quality oil, and large rivers with abundant water flow, Greece's industry can develop rapidly without worrying about energy shortages, thanks to Greece's mature thermal power generation technology.

Almost all of this lignite is supplied to thermal power plants to generate electricity, and in 1913 Greece's power generation reached 1.5 million kWh.

For comparison, Germany's power generation is 8 million TWh, the UK 2.5 million TWh, France 1.8 million TWh, and Italy 2 million kWh.

Benefiting from Greece's pioneering power industry, if only in terms of power generation, Greece's power generation is at the same level as that of major European countries.

As the first country in the world to establish a mature alternating current system, electricity, as the most important energy source, plays an important role in Greece.

The domestic textile industry in Greece, due to the lack of hard coal with high calorific value, completely abandoned the textile machines powered by backward steam engines, and all used cutting-edge electric textile machines.

This allows Greece's textile industry to be light-loaded, overtake in corners, and have high production efficiency. Unlike countries in Western Europe, they are entangled in whether to eliminate outdated steam textile machines and purchase electric textile machines with higher production efficiency.

In the traditional industry of textile industry, factory owners in developed countries in Western Europe purchased a large number of steam textile machines. After the second industrial revolution, these machines consume more energy, have lower production efficiency, and require more power than electric textile machines. Much labor.

Eliminating these outdated machines and purchasing new ones will undoubtedly increase the cost of factory owners, and thus be resisted and resisted by them.

The rapid development of the power industry has brought enormous benefits to the Greek textile industry.

This year, the number of cotton spinning in Greece reached 1.5 million, the highest in history, an increase of 21% compared to last year.

The rapid development of the cotton textile industry has not only improved the development of the chemical industry (dyes), but also made Greece's demand for cotton hit new highs.

The sufficient sunshine in Macedonia also provides conditions for cotton cultivation.

The rapid development of the cotton textile industry in Greece has caused the price of raw cotton to rise sharply, which has greatly stimulated the reclamation of wasteland in Macedonia.

According to government statistics, 12,000 hectares of land have been developed in Macedonia in half a year.

By the end of the year, raw cotton production in Greece also hit a new high, reaching 30,000 tons.

Despite this, it is still unable to meet the needs of textile enterprises. Greece still imported 80,000 tons of cotton this year.

Due to the smooth progress of land reclamation in Macedonia, Greece has a bumper crop of 1.8 million tons of wheat and 200,000 tons of potatoes.

The total value of exports is 430 million drachmas, of which the largest export destination is the Ottoman Empire, reaching 280 million drachmas.

The value of Greek exports to the Ottoman Empire is currently stagnant and growing slowly.

Seeing this, Constantine frowned. After the opening of the Berlin-Baghdad railway, Germany and the Ottomans became more and more close, not only politically, but also militarily and economically.

More and more German industrial goods were pouring into the Ottoman market.

For the Greek industry, this is undoubtedly a concern.

Despite the rapid economic development, not all data have improved significantly.

Greece's total oil production is still 800,000 tons.

At present, in addition to meeting the consumption of Greek crude oil, there is still surplus production capacity exported to Italy.

In terms of energy deposits, such as oil and coal mines, Italy's resource endowment is not as good as Greece's.

Not only does Italy not have a drop of oil, but even the reserves of lignite, which can only be used for power generation, are not as rich as Greece's.

Of the 800,000 tons of oil produced by the Greek Oil Company in 1913, 150,000 tons were exported to Italy.

But that may soon be changing.

After Andros Industries raised funds in the stock market, the car assembly line invested in Thessaloniki has been put into operation.

At present, the factory has produced 18,000 trucks and cars. In the context of the great development of the Macedonia region, the Greek people's demand for transportation has grown rapidly, and these trucks and cars are quickly sold out.

At present, the total number of cars in Greece, including cars, trucks, and tractors, is about 50,000.

Constantine guessed that with the development of Greece's automobile industry, the oil in Albania could not meet Greece's own needs, but also needed to import oil.

Under the operation of the Royal Greek Petroleum Company, the production of the oil field in the city of Ferry in the Albania region has reached its limit, although the oil company racked its brains to increase the production of the oil field, but failed.

The oil field has small reserves, poor crude oil quality and high sulfur content. It is also a heavy oil field.

In addition, there is steel production.

Despite the cutting-edge electric furnace steelmaking technology used in the Thessaloniki Industrial Zone, in 1913 Greece's steel production did not increase significantly, reaching only 860,000 tons.

The United States ranks first in the world in terms of steel production, reaching 31.8 million tons, Germany 17.6 million tons, the United Kingdom 7.78 million tons, Russia 4.91 million tons, France 4.68 million tons, Austria-Hungary 2.61 million tons, and Italy 920,000 tons.

Greece's steel production was still not as good as Italy's, much to Constantine's dismay.

Greece's steel production has stayed at the level of 800,000 tons for several consecutive years, and the growth has been very slow, mainly because the production cost of Greece's domestic steel enterprises is too high.

Greece has no iron ore in its own country, and it also lacks hard coal. Both of these raw materials for steel production need to be imported.

Iron ore is purchased from southern Spain, or scrapped ships, dismantled and re-smelted.

Hard coal was imported from the United Kingdom. In 1913, Greece imported 1.6 million tons of hard coal from the United Kingdom. In addition to being used for steelmaking, there were also demand for trains and ships.

It is precisely because of the high production costs that the Greek steel plant has not been profitable since it was put into operation.

In order to keep the steel plant operating, Constantine not only instructed the Royal Bank to provide a large number of low-interest loans to the steel plant, but also repeatedly asked the Greek government for steel production subsidies, as well as preferential tax relief policies.

Because the Greek steel company is not only the only steel factory in Greece, but also the largest arms supplier to the Greek army.

The production of artillery and firearms is also the business of steel mills.

Military manufacturing and iron and steel smelting are two money-losing businesses in one. Even with a lot of support, the iron and steel plant is only making ends meet and has never made any money.

Because it is unprofitable, so far, there is only one steel plant in Greece such as the Greek Steel Plant.

The steel mill has two plants, one in the Athens industrial area and the other in the Thessaloniki industrial area.

Besides, no one wants to invest in steel smelting at all, because it is well known in Greek business circles that it is not profitable.

Steel is not enough, aluminum will make up.

Due to the shortage of steel, the electrolytic aluminum and aluminum alloy industries in Greece have developed rapidly.

In 1913, Greece's aluminum production reached 20,000 tons.

This production is already the first in Europe.

In order to save steel, in Greece, where aluminum alloy or pure aluminum can be used, aluminum is given priority, and steel will be used unless absolutely necessary.

Aluminum lunch boxes and cauldrons are used in the army, and the buttons on soldiers' uniforms are also made of aluminum alloys~www.wuxiaspot.com~the wheels and frames of bicycles or motorcycles.

Due to a large number of production and applications, in recent years, Greece's aluminum alloy technology has developed rapidly.

Greece's power industry is mature, and there is no shortage of bauxite, which provides the foundation for Greece to vigorously develop electrolytic aluminum.

At present, Greece's own bauxite reserves have reached 1 billion tons, so there is no need to worry about the lack of raw materials.

In terms of population, by the end of 1913, the population of Greece had reached 13 million.

Greece's population continues to grow steadily, and there is a tendency for growth to accelerate.

From 1897, 1912 to 1913, the Greek army won three wars in three wars, the national spirit was unprecedentedly high, the economic development was also booming, sufficient food supply, and hope for future life, the incentives of Greece's pro-birth policy, these factors combined , so that Greek women's fertility willingness is extremely high.

Since the end of the war in the first half of the year, hundreds of thousands of young people called by the Greek army have been demobilized and returned to society. In just six months, Greece has added more than 900,000 babies.

All signs point to a combination of these favorable factors that Greece is experiencing a baby boom.

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