Bulgarian Empire

When Ferdinand and his party returned to Sofia from London, the time had already reached the beginning of 19o4.

To Ferdinand's relief, the Bulgarian government was still operating in an orderly manner without any trouble during the half-year absence.

Prime Minister Constantine sent a summary sheet and said, "Your Majesty, this is the achievements of the Bulgaria Exhibition in the past year!"

Ferdinand took the report naturally, flipped through it, and soon showed a satisfied smile.

In 1903, it was definitely a leapfrog development for Bulgaria. The equipment imported from abroad has been installed successively and put into use.

As far as the total industrial volume is concerned, compared with 1899, it has increased by 87% in four years!

Except for some factories left by the Ottomans, which have resumed operation, many domestic industries have made great progress.

Now many workers who went to the construction site due to the economic crisis have also begun to return to the factory one after another.

Bulgaria once again embarked on the high road of economic development and began to rush forward.

Of course, these industrial equipments have only exploded part of their production capacity now, and they will have to wait at least until the end of 1905 to fully realize their production potential. At that time, Bulgaria's industrial production capacity will reach a new height!

For example, the steel industry: In 1903, Bulgaria's total steel output reached 546,000 tons, of which steel output: 234,000 tons; iron output: 303,000 tons; and 9,000 tons of special steel!

The most important thing is that the Bulgarian steel plant has finally started to make a profit. Although it is only an insignificant few hundred thousand levs, and the amortization of equipment depreciation has not been calculated, this is also a huge progress!

This shows that the steel plant has begun to enter a virtuous circle, which means that the government's finances no longer have to continue to pour money into the mouth of this gold swallowing beast without limit!

Coal: The total coal output in Bulgaria is 1.266 million tons, including 151,000 tons of coking coal, 569,000 tons of wood coal, and 546,000 tons of lignite.

Shipbuilding industry: The two 20,000-ton docks and the three 10,000-ton docks planned by Ferdinand have all been completed and put into operation.

...

Education: Literacy education still has a long way to go. According to the estimates of the Ministry of Education, it is a great victory to reduce the illiteracy rate by half in the next five years; to completely eliminate illiteracy, twenty years is a more reasonable figure!

Oh, it was equivalent to waiting for the next generation to grow up, but there was nothing Ferdinand could do about it.

After all, the current Bulgaria is not the same as before. In the past, there were always a few scholars in each village in Bulgaria. It is not too difficult to carry out literacy education!

Now, many immigrant villages are all illiterate, and the literacy education can only rely on the Ministry of Education to send people to teach, of course, the speed will not be improved soon.

Moreover, many villagers have little interest in reading and literacy, and the learning speed can only be described as a turtle! Ferdinand has nothing to do with these people, so he can only give up selectively. Fortunately, illiteracy does not affect farming!

Not only that, the Ministry of Education also found that the mathematics level of Bulgarians has dropped very sharply, and it is all due to the new population being pulled down!

At the same time as literacy education, teachers also have to teach them simple digital knowledge!

In contrast, the progress of basic education is very smooth. Many people do not have high requirements for learning cultural knowledge, but the requirements for the next generation are different!

Even elementary schools in many areas of Bulgaria are only popularized in towns. Everyone is still very willing to walk dozens of miles to send their children here for reading!

Of course, this is also related to the low tuition fees. The current basic education mainly depends on financial allocations, and the tuition fees are all symbolic charges.

Students' living expenses can be paid in food or money, anyway, the school is not for profit, and the expenses are completely within the affordability of ordinary families!

As for higher education,

If you can afford it, you can apply for free education.

In this way, there is no need to pay a penny, as long as you obey the national assignment and study in a major, and after graduation, you can deduct this part of the expenses from your salary in batches.

Don't wonder why Ferdinand assigned majors in middle school. Now the two universities in Bulgaria have a combined annual enrollment of less than 3,000 students!

Most of them are not qualified to be admitted to universities, and of course the direction of development is specialist technical colleges. So now middle schools require everyone to choose a subject to specialize in, and other subjects are minors!

Cultivating all-round talents has never been Ferdinand's goal! Cultivating professional engineers and researchers is the purpose of Bulgarian education!

If it is self-financed, the cost is much higher. A middle school student’s annual expenses start at 3,000 levs; if the tuition fee for a university education student is less than 50,000 levs, don’t even think about it!

Don't think it's too expensive. Bulgaria is now adopting elite education. High-quality educational resources are used in a centralized manner, and the cost is of course high.

Since it is at its own expense, of course this fee is paid in full by itself, and it is a major supported by the government!

If it is a liberal arts major other than administrative funding, the number is even greater, ranging from 200,000 levs to 500,000 levs, which is more expensive than many institutions for studying abroad!

The aftermath is that so far, Bulgaria's college students have broken through five figures, but liberal arts college students other than financial allocations have never had three figures!

Financially: The total fiscal revenue of the Bulgarian government reached 1.38 billion levs (approximately 5.52 million pounds).

The main reason is that the newly added territories have continued to recover and can provide taxes to the government. Especially the Istanbul area, which alone contributed 180 million levs in fiscal revenue!

There is also the result of the "Second Five-Year Plan", and now it has begun to deny finances!

This figure has increased by nearly 1.4 times compared with 1898, and also increased by 15.5% compared with the previous year.

According to Ferdinand's plan, starting from 1904, the navy will also be included in one of the priorities of the government's financial allocation, and it is estimated that the opponent will still be the Ottoman Empire.

Oh, this can only be considered a small expense. The key is that the bonds issued by the Bulgarian government and some of the loans have already expired, and the government must leave enough funds to pay them. This is the main reason for the financial strain!

In fact, the Bulgarian government has borrowed new debts to repay old debts many times. Now Ferdinand finally understands the difficulties of the Ministry of Finance and decides to reduce its debt holdings!

In 1900, the total debt of the Bulgarian government reached its peak, as high as 2.6 billion levs. In the following years, the government took advantage of the economic crisis to recover several batches of bonds at low prices, and repaid several loans that had expired.

Over the past three years, the Bulgarian government has repaid 183 million levs six times. This year, more than 87 million levs of loans will come due. After repayment, the government's debt pressure will slightly decrease.

And in the days to come, if there are no accidents, the Bulgarian government will reduce part of its debt holdings every year, and increase income to achieve financial normalization as soon as possible!

Oh, in fact, it will not work if you don’t pay it back. If you don’t reduce your debts, in the future international affairs, the Bulgarian government will be kidnapped by loans, and it will be difficult to extricate yourself!

Who said that the current creditors are all big powers? Don't expect people to be so disciplined. If you are in a hurry, they will force you to repay the loan in advance. What can the Bulgarian government do?

Originally, the international loan in this era was Bawang Loan. According to the background of this era, as long as people give up the interest income, they can call for payment in advance!

Of course, Ferdinand hoped that someone would call for the payment in advance, so as to save a sum of interest.

The premise is only for small creditors, big creditors like France, let’s forget it, a one-time payment will bankrupt Bulgaria’s finances!

Compared with industry, the growth rate of agriculture is even more exaggerated. Compared with 1898, it directly increased by 1.8 times.

Of course, Ferdinand didn't take this set of data to heart. With the increase of land, the grain naturally increased, and the government didn't play a big role in this!

The grain in the international market is not worth much now. In order to stabilize the price of grain, the Bulgarian government had to spend a huge amount of money to purchase a batch of grain from the market as a reserve grain.

What satisfied Ferdinand the most was Bulgaria's population growth rate, and indeed, the population of Guotai Min'an skyrocketed. The birth rate in 1903 reached an astonishing 5.01%, which was basically on par with Mao Xiong!

Of course, the death rate has also risen to 2.o3%. After all, after the population growth, Bulgaria's medical conditions have not kept up, mainly due to the shortage of doctors!

Ferdinand was powerless to deal with this long training period of more than ten years. So far, except for the first batch of doctors trained in Bulgaria who have qualified and graduated, others are still in practice!

After these hundreds of people were scattered throughout Bulgaria, not even a single bubble emerged!

According to the estimates of the Population Agency, the next three to five years will be a period of population explosion in Bulgaria. Especially the immigrants from the Ottoman Empire. In the past few years, they had voluntarily reduced their births in order to move. Now that their lives have stabilized, they must work hard to make villains!

According to the latest population statistics, the total population of Bulgaria has reached more than 14 million, and the population growth rate has reached 2.97%!

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